Particle "No"
Particle "no" in Japanese is not "no" in English. It usually comes after the word and show possession or belonging. Its role is similar to "someone's" or "of" in English.
Watashi no hon		My book
Anata no hon		Your book
Kare/kanojo no hon		His/her book
Saitoo-san no hon		Miss. Saitoo's book
Nihon no kaisha		A Japanese company
Nihon no kaisha no shachoo		The president of the Japanese company
As "no" in the sentence of "nihon no kaisha no shachoo" it combine the words and give more information about the words but if it is used many times, it makes the sentence complexed. We don't say "nihon no kaisha no shachoo no tomodachi no neko" (A cat of a friend of the president of the Japanese company) but say, "nihon no kaisha no shachoo wa tomodachi ga ite, kare wa neko wo katteiru." (The president of the Japanese company has a friend and he has a cat.)

Plurals
There are no so strict rules between singular and plural in Japanese except when it is definitely needed. I means there are rules for numerals but when it is easy to understand whether a singular or plural from the context or situation, you don't have to differentiate.
Hon	a book
Watashitachi no hon	Our books
Saitoo-san wa kaishain desu	Miss. Saitoo is an office worker
Saitoo-san to Tom-san wa kaishain desu	Miss. Saitoo and Mr.Tom are office workers
We have to think "a book", " books" / "an office worker" or "office workers" in English but when it come to Japanese we don't have to think about it.

Articles
There are no articles in Japanese. We say "a" book, "the" book, "an" office worker in English but we don't have to think about it in Japanese.
Hon desu	This is a book
Sagashiteiru hon wa kore desu ka?	Is this the book you are looking for?
Saitoo-san wa kaishain desu	Miss. Saitoo is an office worker

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